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Why the focus on student talk?Effective communication is necessary in the workforce, in the classroom, and on a daily basis. Effective communication is a life skill that is necessary for survival and success in the 21st century. The 4 c’s in education is a framework that outlines essential 21st-century skills that are believed to be beneficial to student learning and success. Communication is deemed one of the 4 c’s of the 21st century. Engaging in academic discourse is so important that states have set standards for speaking and listening. For example, in a second-grade dual-immersion classroom, the California State standard for speaking and listening, SL.1, the expectation is that students will participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade-level topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups. By deconstructing the standard it can be determined that students must be participating in academic discussion both as a speaker and an active listener while following conversational norms and etiquette. The act of speaking and listening is a skill, that like any other skill, it needs to be practiced.
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